Whakaari/White Island Erupts with Visible Gas Plume

A noticeable steam and gas plume emerged from Whakaari/White Island on November 3, 2023, drawing attention from the mainland. The volcanic alert level remains at 3, indicating ongoing volcanic activity, yet no significant ash production has been reported. The aviation colour warning for the area is currently set to ‘orange’, signaling to aircraft that an eruption is in progress.

According to Paul Jarvis, a duty volcanologist with GeoNet, the plume rose approximately 3 kilometers above sea level and was visible from the Bay of Plenty coast around 11:30 AM. Observations from webcams and satellites indicated that the ash content in the plume was minimal, with a very low likelihood of volcanic ash reaching the mainland.

Current Volcanic Activity and Atmospheric Conditions

GeoNet’s analysis, which includes data from MetService, suggests that the potential for significant ash in the plume is low. After about 30 minutes, the plume’s altitude decreased to about 1 kilometer or less, returning to a more typical level. Jarvis noted, “While the plume was highly visible from afar, this does not reflect a significant change of activity at the volcano.” He explained that the height of a volcanic plume is influenced by both volcanic activity and prevailing atmospheric conditions.

A severe thunderstorm watch has been issued for the Bay of Plenty today, which may affect the behavior of volcanic plumes. Jarvis remarked on the possibility of further impressive plumes due to the current atmospheric conditions coupled with the volcano’s recent activity. If the wind directs the plume towards the Bay of Plenty coast, residents might experience sulphur odours. Nevertheless, he emphasized that the current activity level poses a very low likelihood of ashfall in coastal areas. “The level of volcanic activity would have to escalate significantly for this likelihood to increase,” he added.

Monitoring and Future Observations

GeoNet employs a combination of remote cameras, satellite imagery, and periodic observations to monitor Whakaari/White Island. Gas flights are also conducted to gather data on the ongoing activity. As the situation develops, authorities will continue to assess the volcano’s behaviour to ensure public safety.

Residents and visitors to the Bay of Plenty region are urged to remain vigilant and informed about the volcanic activity, though the immediate threat of ashfall is low. Ongoing monitoring will help provide updates on any changes in the volcano’s status.